History Of Learning Theories

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Perspective	Division of Learning Theory	Variables of Concern	Key Theorists	Main Theories
Behaviorist	Classical Conditioning	Stimulus Response	Pavlov 1849-1936	Classical Conditioning
Behaviorist	Behaviorism	Stimulus Response Reinforcement	Watson 1878-1958 Thorndike1874-1949 Guthrie 1886-1959 Skinner1904-1990 Estes 1919 -	Behaviorism Connectionism Contiguity Theory Operant Conditioning Stimulus Sampling Theory
Behaviorist	Neobehaviorism	Stimulus-Response Intervening internal variables- Purposive behavior	Tolman 1886-1959 Hull 1884-1952 Spence 1907-1967	Sign-Theory&Latent-Learning Drive Reduction Theory Discrimination Learning
Cognitive	Gestalt Learning Theory	Perception Decision making Attention Memory Problem solving	Wertheimer1880-1943 Lewin1890-1947 Kohler1887 - 1967 Koffka1887 - 1941 Festinger 1919-1989	Gestalt Learning Theory Field Theoretical Approach Insight Learning Gestalt Theory Cognitive Dissonance
Cognitive	Information Processing	Information Processing Computer models	Hebb 1904 - 1985 Miller Newell1927 - 1992 Craik & Lockhart Paivio Rumelhart	Neurophysiologic Theory Information-Processing-Theory General Problem Solver Levels of Processing Dual Coding Theory Interactive Activation Compet.
Cognitive	Constructivism	Knowledge construction Learner as active creator	Ausubel1918 - Bruner1915- Piaget (1896-1990) Lave Argyris Spiro Flavell Schank	Subsumption Theory Constructivism Genetic Epistemology Situated Cognition Double Loop Learning Cognitive Flexibility Theory Metacognition Script Theory
Cognitive	Psychoanalytic Learning Theory	Unconscious processes	Freud1856-1939	Psychoanalytic Learning
Humanist	Humanistic Learning	Emotional factors and Affect	Maslow 1908-1970 Rogers 1902-1987 Mezirow	Humanistic Theory of Learning Experiential Learning Transformational Learning
Social	Social Learning	Interactions with other Participants	Vygotsky Bandura Brown	Social Constructivism Observational Learning Theory Cognitive Apprenticeship..
	General Theories of Memory and Intelligence		Anderson 1947 - Guilford Gardner Sternberg	ACT* Structure of Intellect Multiple Intelligences Triarchic Theory
	Instructional Theories- Applications of learning theory for classroom and instructional use	Pedagogy and theories of Adult Learning	Bransford Cronbach Cros Gagne 1916-2002 Knowles Landa Mager Merrill Reigeluth	Anchored Instruction Aptitude Treatment Interaction CAL-Char. of Adult Learners Conditions of Learning Andragogy Algo-Heuristic Criterion-Referenced-Instruction Component Display Theory Elaboration Theory

Cognitive		Affective		Psychomotor
knowledge		attitude		skills
1. Recall data		1. Receive (awareness)		1. Imitation (copy)
2. Understand		2. Respond (react)		2. Manipulation (follow instructions)
3. Apply (use)		3. Value (understand and act)		3. Develop Precision
4. Analyse (structure/elements)		4. Organise personal value system		4. Articulation (combine, integrate related skills)
5. Synthesize (create/build)		5. Internalize value system (adopt behaviour)		5. Naturalization (automate, become expert)
6. Evaluate (assess, judge in relational terms)